A plain-English guide to moisture, pH, conductivity, temperature and N-P-K — and the limits of each.
MOISTURE
Useful for judging whether two readings are comparable at all. Also a reasonable proxy for infiltration and cover effects over time at the same point.
pH
A screening value. It flags a paddock worth investigating, but lime decisions need laboratory pH in both water and CaCl₂, exchangeable aluminium and buffering capacity.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY
Moves with salts and with moisture. A jump against the paddock's own baseline is worth rechecking; an absolute number in isolation is not a salinity diagnosis.
TEMPERATURE
Context for everything else, and useful for timing sowing decisions you were already making.
NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS, POTASSIUM
The most commonly over-read of the seven. Portable N-P-K values are indicative. They help you decide where to send a laboratory sample. They cannot support a fertiliser rate, and anyone telling you otherwise is selling something.
The value of the set is not any single number. It is seven numbers at the same point, on a known date, that you can compare to the same seven numbers next season.
Published 16 July 2026 by David Gilbert
